The Citizen Eco-Drive is a series of watches that use alternative power sources to charge the watch's battery. Because the watches are charged by a variety of alternate power sources, the batteries do not need to be replaced. Because of this, many people consider Citizen Eco-Drive watches to be better for the environment.

All current model Citizen Eco-Drive watches use light to generate power. Light passes through the crystal and is focused on a specially designed ceramic watch face. The watch face passes the light through to a solar cell where the light is converted in to electrical power and stored in special titanium lithium-ion battery. This type of battery doesn't suffer from degradation of the batter by repeated charge and discharge cycles. According to Citizen, the battery will still maintain 80 percent of a charge after 20 years of continuous use. Battery life from a fully charged battery varies by model. Some models will run normally for a month, others will run normally for years. Some Eco-Drive watches go in to a hibernation mode when stored in the dark for a long period of time. In hibernation mode, the watch's hands stop moving, but the internal quartz timepiece continues to keep track of time. When the watch is exposed to light again, the watch "wakes up" and moves the hands to the correct position.

Earlier Eco-Drive models used different technologies to charge the battery. The Citizen Eco-Drive Thermo watches made power through the difference in temperature between the wearer's wrist and the ambient air. This difference in temperature would create power via the Seebeck effect and would charge the battery. Problems occurred in warmer climates when the air temperature was close to the wearer's body temperature, causing the watch to stop generating power. Although Eco-Drive Thermo watches were a fascinating technology, these problems resulted in them being discontinued.

Citizen produced one model of watch, the Citizen Eco-Drive Promaster Duo, that used two alternate sources of power. This watch contained an Eco-Drive solar cell, but also had a more traditional automatic mechanical movement that converted the motion of the watch as it was worn into mechanical energy. The power generated by the solar and mechanical systems then charged the battery. Because of its complexity and high cost, this watch never captured consumer attention and was eventually discontinued by Citizen.