Wash a container that is large enough to hold the ham completely submerged in brine. A nonreactive pot with lid works well for smaller hams, but a food-grade bucket might be needed for large, whole hams.

Fill the container about one-half to three-quarters full with distilled water. Leave enough room that you can add the ham without it overflowing. If you use tap water, boil it for several minutes to remove any minerals or chlorine, then allow to cool.

Stir salt and sugar into the water until completely dissolved. The amount of each ingredient depends on your taste, but brine commonly includes 1/2 to 1 cup each of salt and sugar for every gallon of water. You can use any type of salt, such as sea salt, kosher salt or pickling salt. The types of sugar you might use include light or dark brown sugar, white granulated sugar or turbinado sugar.

Submerge the ham in the brine mixture inside the container. Add more water, if needed, so the ham is completely covered. Place a tight-fitting lid over the container.

Refrigerate the container for 12 to 36 hours. The amount of time depends on the degree of flavoring you wish to impart to the ham.

Remove the ham from the brine and rinse it thoroughly. Pat it dry with paper towels. Prepare and cook the ham as desired.