Vitamin C is an antioxidant that neutralizes damaging molecules called free radicals and potentially other toxic substances in the body. This water-soluble vitamin works with another antioxidant, vitamin E, which functions in fatty parts of the body. Research published in 2002 in the "Archives of Toxicology" found that a single concentrated dose of these antioxidants helped to prevent liver damage caused by pesticide poisons that had leached into the body. In the study, patients were injected with doses of 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of vitamin C and 150 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of vitamin E. Most adults require 75 to 90 milligrams of vitamin C and 15 milligrams of vitamin E per day. Good sources for these antioxidant vitamins include fruit, leafy green vegetables and legumes.

Like other B vitamins, vitamin B-6 plays a role in food metabolism and energy production in your body. It is also necessary for the antioxidant action of other vitamins, according to an animal study published in "Clinical Nutrition" in 2005. Researchers found that a vitamin B-6 deficiency in rats caused a reduction in the protective abilities of antioxidants and an increase in damage to the liver tissues. Additional research is needed to confirm whether vitamin B-6 has the same effect in people. Most adults require 1.3 milligrams of vitamin B-6 per day from foods such as meat, poultry, legumes, potatoes, bananas and watermelons.

Your liver requires vitamin K to produce various enzymes that stimulate the production of clotting proteins and other substances. The Linus Pauling Institute explains that vitamin K is a cofactor that activates liver proteins to bind to calcium and trigger clotting mechanisms. Intestinal bacteria produce about half the vitamin K you need. You still require 90 to 120 milligrams per day from sources such as liver, milk, spinach, broccoli, cabbage and kale.

Liver disease due to alcoholism and other causes leads to deficiencies in several essential vitamins. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism notes that a vitamin A deficiency is common in patients with liver diseases such as cirrhosis. This vitamin plays a role in modulating bile production in the liver and is also necessary for healthy bone growth and eye function. Other deficiencies that are linked to liver disease include vitamin B-1 or thiamine, vitamin B-2 or riboflavin and B-9 or folate. Getting adequate amounts of these vitamins in your diet may help improve liver health. B vitamins are found in a range of foods including squash, dairy, whole grains, meat and poultry. Good sources of vitamin A include beef, liver, eggs, fortified milk, sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach and mangoes.