Neoprene describes a type of synthetic rubber that is used in various applications where waterproof and insulation qualities are needed. Thinsulate is a synthetic fiber thermal insulation also used in clothing. It is a weave of mixtures of various polymers, whereas neoprene is made by polymerization of chloroprene. Thinsulate is different from neoprene in many aspects, including warmth, breathability, waterproof capability and thickness.

Thinsulate has more insulating properties than neoprene. The insulation properties of Thinsulate are more helpful for retaining some heat produced by the body than neoprene, so the wearer can be comfortable and warm. When the body sweats, Thinsulate allows the water to evaporate, whereas neoprene, a polymerized rubber compound, does not breath. Thinsulate is used as insulation in winter hats, gloves and clothing, whereas neoprene is used to create rubber diving suits and waterproof boots and work gloves.

Thinsulate is breathable and designed to trap air molecules, but not water, within its layers. This feature helps create the material's insulative value. As the name implies, Thinsulate is thin, but its highly effective insulation properties reduce the need for heavy outerwear. Neoprene is not a breathable material, so it is more comfortable in dry conditions. Neoprene can breathe only when it is perforated, and in this condition it looses much of it's insulating, waterproofing characteristics. As a solid sheet, neoprene will dissipate excess heat, but not sweat

Composed of high density, closed-cell foam rubber, neoprene has many useful waterproof properties. Water molecules will not pass through gaps in between the polymer strands in neoprene, making it perfect for boots, waterproof work gloves and scuba suits. Because Thinsulate is a woven material, it is water resistant, but not waterproof. Thinsulate insulation can become soaked with water. Therefore, the material is often woven into water-repellant clothing such as nylon.

Thinsulate is designed to be thin, which reduces the need for bulky outerwear. Thinsulate-insulated winter apparel is less cumbersome than clothing insulated with poly fiber or goose down. The wearer can maintain flexibility and feel comfortable for hours. On the other hand, neoprene is somewhat thicker and does not perform like fabric. Surfing wetsuits are one of the most common uses of neoprene. The material provides thickness and coverage that allows the wearer enjoy surf sessions in comfort.