Cooking is chemistry and foods are collections of compounds, each of which possess a pH -- a concentration of hydrogen molecules expressed in a number from 0 to 14. Acids have a pH below 7.0 -- the neutral point. Although digestion begins with acid in our stomachs, a sauce with too much acid overwhelms the taste of whatever it touches and slows digestion, perhaps resulting in heartburn. Fortunately, there are ways to reduce the acid in the sauces that we put on foods.

Start over with small quantity sauces, such as a hollandaise, or discard some of it and use the rest as a base for new sauce. Do not add salt or acids such as vinegar or lemon juice with new ingredients. Larger quantity sauces, such as spaghetti sauce, retain their character with additions.

Add low-acid whole tomatoes to sauce made with tomato sauce, an ingredient with a pH as much as one point below whole tomatoes. Use Roma or other tomatoes traditionally used for sauces. Grow “sweet” varieties such as Wisconsin 55 or heritage varieties for homemade sauces.

Raise the sauce’s pH by adding vegetables like mushrooms and onions as part of the sauce. Float a few potatoes in the sauce while it cooks and remove them when the sauce is finished cooking.

Add sugar or vegetables such as carrots that contain sugar. Although sugar’s pH is 5.0 to 6.0, its major effect is to soften the sharp taste of tomatoes, which have a pH averaging 4.2 to 4.9.

Add dairy such as cheese or milk. Butter, milk, cream and egg whites have pHs that range from 6 to 8. Although you might not want to add cream to tomato sauce, a few pads of butter or shredded cheese would blend in.